"The rights of Englishmen are derived from God, not from king or Parliament, and would be secured by the study of history, law, and tradition." John Adams, President from 1797-1801
John Adams nominated 23 judges to the federal judiciary. During his term as president, the U.S. Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 which increased the number of federal judgeships available to Adams to fill. He spent his last days as president filling the newly created positions. Collectively these appointments are known as the "midnight appointments." Thomas Jefferson removed some of these judges when he became president.
This is a table of the judges that President John Adams has nominated for federal judgeships.
| Judge | Final post: | Term: | Previous Post: | Term: | Bachelors: | Law: |
|---|
| John Marshall | Supreme Court | 1/31/1801 - 7/6/1835 | | | | Read law, 1780 |
| Bushrod Washington | Supreme Court | 12/20/1798 - 11/26/1829 | | | College of William and Mary, A.B., 1778 | Read law, 1784 |
| Benjamin Bourne | United States Circuit Court for the First Circuit | 2/20/1801 - 7/1/1802 | District of Rhode Island | 12/22/1796 - 2/20/1801 | Harvard College, 1775 | Read Law |
| Samuel Hitchcock | District of Vermont | 1/28/1794 - 2/20/1801 | | | Harvard College (1777) | |
| John A. Lowell | United States Circuit Court for the First Circuit | 2/20/1801 - 5/6/1802 | District of Massachusetts | 9/26/1789 - 2/20/1801 | Harvard, 1760 | Read law, 1763 |
| James Winchester | District of Maryland | 12/10/1799 - 4/5/1806 | | | | |
| William Cranch | Circuit Court for the District of Columbia | 2/24/1806 - 9/1/1855 | | | Harvard College, 1787 | Read law, 1790 |
| John Davis (District of Massachusetts) | District of Massachusetts | 2/20/1801 - 7/10/1841 | | | Harvard College, 1781 | Read law, 1786 |
| John Sloss Hobart | United States District Court for the District of New York | 4/12/1798 - 2/4/1805 | Supreme Court of the State of New York | 1777-1798 | Yale, 1757 | |
| James Markham Marshall | | | | | | |
| Alfred Moore | Supreme Court | 12/10/1799 - 1/26/1804 | North Carolina Superior Courts | 1798 | | Read law, 1775 |
| Elijah Paine | District of Vermont | 3/3/1801 - 4/1/1842 | | | Harvard College (1781) | Read Law (1784) |
| Jeremiah Smith | United States Circuit Court for the First Circuit | 2/20/1801 - 5/6/1802 | | | | Read law, 1786 |
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