Separation of powers
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The term Separation of powers is used to describe the constitutionally-restrained limits of influence and power among the three co-equal branches of government: the Legislature, the Executive and the Judiciary.
Defined powers
Each branch of government has (generally) Constitutionally-prescribed bounds to its power and realm of influence. The Legislative branch, in particular, has ceded numerous responsibilities to departments of government; as an example, the Surface Transportation Board reviews, among other things, mergers of railroad companies on behalf of Congress.
